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Proteintech anti pdk2
Anti Pdk2, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 26 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Related Articles

Immunohistochemistry:

Article Title: PANAXADIOL SAPONIN ALLEVIATES LPS-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY SIMILAR TO DEXAMETHASONE VIA IMPROVING MITOCHONDRIAL QUALITY CONTROL
Article Snippet: The following chemicals and reagents were used in this study: lipopolysaccharide (LPS; L2630 Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, MO); ginsenediol saponin (School of Pharmaceutical Science of Jilin University, patent no. ZL98100070.3); dexamethasone (Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd); and normal saline (0.9%, Hubei Minkang Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd). .. Antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) are as follows: anti-BAX (50599-2-Ig; Proteintech, USA), anti-Bcl-2 (AF6139; Affinity, China), anti-caspase 3 (19677-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-cytochrome c (10993-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-HMGB1 (ab18256; Abcam, United Kingdom), anti-CD68 (66231-2-Ig; Proteintech, USA), anti-LY6G5B (24611-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-DUSP1 (AF5286; Affinity, China), anti-ATP5A1 (14676-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-PGC1-α (66369-1-Ig; Proteintech, USA), anti-PDK2 (15647-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-CPT1A (15184-1-AP), anti-CD68 (66231-2-Ig; Proteintech, USA), and anti-LY6G5B (24611-1-AP; Proteintech, USA). .. Antibodies for Western blot (WB) were as follows: anti-BAX (50599-2-Ig; Proteintech, USA), anti-Bcl-2 (AF6139; Affinity, China), anti-cleaved caspase 3 (25128-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-cleaved caspase 9 (AF5240; Affinity, China), anti-Nrf2 (16396-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-KEAP1 (10503-2-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-HO-1 (10701-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-CYC1 (10242-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-ATP5F1 (15999-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-NDUFV1 (11238-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-OPA1 (27733-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-Mfn1 (13798-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-Mfn2 (12186-1-AP; Proteintech, USA), anti-phospho-DRP1 (Ser616) (AF8470; Affinity, China), and anti-PGC1-α (66369-1-Ig; Proteintech, USA).

Article Title: Panaxadiol Saponin alleviates LPS-induced cardiomyopathy similar to dexamethasone via improving mitochondrial quality control
Article Snippet: Methods and materials Reagents The following chemicals and reagents were used in this study: lipopolysaccharide (LPS, L2630 Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri, USA); ginsenediol saponin (School of Pharmaceutical Science of Jilin University, patent No. ZL98100070.3); Dexamethasone (Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); normal saline (0.9%, Hubei Minkang Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd). .. Antibodies for immunohistochemistry: anti-BAX (50599-2-Ig, proteintech, USA), anti-Bcl-2 (AF6139, Affinity, China), anti-Caspase3 (19677-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-Cytochrome c (10993-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-HMGB1 (ab18256, abcam, UK), anti-CD68 (66231-2-Ig, proteintech, USA), anti-LY6G5B (24611-1-AP, proteintech, AC CE PT ED D ow nloaded from http://journals.lw w .com /shockjournal by B hD M f5eP H K av1zE oum 1tQ fN 4a+ kJLhE Z gbsIH o4X M i0h C yw C X 1A W nY Q p/IlQ rH D 3i3D 0O dR yi7T vS F l4C f3V C 1y0abggQ Z X dgG j2M w lZ LeI= on 09/03/2024 USA), anti-DUSP1 (AF5286, Affinity, China), anti-ATP5A1 (14676-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-PGC1-α (66369-1-Ig, proteintech, USA ), anti-PDK2 (15647-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-CPT1A (15184-1-AP), anti-CD68 (66231-2-Ig, proteintech, USA), anti-LY6G5B (24611-1-AP, proteintech, USA). .. Antibodies for Western Blot: anti-BAX (50599-2-Ig, proteintech, USA), anti-Bcl-2 (AF6139, Affinity, China), anti-Cleaved Caspase 3 (25128-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-Cleaved Caspase 9 (AF5240, Affinity, China), anti-Nrf2 (16396-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-KEAP1 (10503-2-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-HO-1(10701-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-CYC1 (10242-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-ATP5F1 (15999-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-NDUFV1 (11238-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-OPA1 (27733-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-Mfn1 (13798-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-Mfn2 (12186-1-AP, proteintech, USA), anti-Phospho-DRP1 (Ser616) (AF8470, Affinity, China), anti-PGC1-α (66369-1-Ig, proteintech, USA ).

Article Title: Glioma angiogenesis phosphoproteome landscape and biomarker sets identified with phenome-centered multiomics toward 3P medical approaches
Article Snippet: Protein phosphorylation is an important molecular event in tumor angiogenesis that is a canonical hallmark in glioma.. We hypothesize that the phosphoproteome and phosphorylation-mediated signaling networks are significantly different in glioma neovascular tissues compared to controls, which aimed to identify glioma angiogenesis phosphoproteomic landscape, phosphorylation-mediated signaling pathways, kinase-substrate networks, and phosphorylation biomarkers with integration of phosphoprotein data and multiomics data, for deep understanding of molecular mechanisms of glioma angiogenesis, discovery of effective antiangiogenesis therapeutic targets, and establishment of angiogenesis-related phosphorylation biomarker signature for patient stratification, early-stage diagnosis, and effective prognostic assessment, in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM, 3PM) approaches.. This study used laser capture microdissection to isolate neovascular tissues from gliomas, followed by quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis, which identified 195 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) with 635 phosphosites and 58 hub DPPs.

Western Blot:

Article Title: Redox homeostasis protects mitochondria through accelerating ROS conversion to enhance hypoxia resistance in cancer cells
Article Snippet: .. The following antibodies were used for immunoblot analysis: anti-HK2, anti-PFKM, anti-LDHa1, anti-PDK2, anti-PDHa1, anti-ATP5B, anti-IDH2, anti-HIF1α, anti-MnSOD, anti-Cu/ZnSOD, anti-Catalase, anti-GR, anti-GRX1, anti-GPX1, anti-PRX3 and anti-TRX2 antibodies and secondary antibody were purchased from Proteintech. .. Anti-MnSOD (acetyl K68) antibody was purchased from Abcam.

Article Title: Targeting pleckstrin-2/Akt signaling reduces proliferation in myeloproliferative neoplasm models
Article Snippet: The total protein concentration was measured with a BCA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Thermo Scientific). .. For Western blotting, the following antibodies were used: anti-HSC70 (catalog sc-7298) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.); anti-Pten (catalog 9559), anti-total AKT (catalog 4691), anti-phospho AKT (catalog 4060), anti-total S6 (catalog 2217), anti-phospho S6 (catalog 4858), anti-phospho GSK3b(catalog 5558), anti-mTOR (catalog 2972), anti-GFP (catalog 2956), anti-GST (catalog 2622), anti-Flag (catalog 8146), and anti-HA (catalog 3724) (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-Plek2 (catalog 11685-1-AP) and anti-PDK2 (catalog 15647-1-AP) (Proteintech); anti-Hsp72 (catalog PA5-34772) (Invitrogen); and HRP linked anti-GST antibody (catalog MA4-004-HRP) (Thermo Fisher Scientific). .. The Western blot results were further analyzed using Image Lab software (Bio-Rad).

Article Title: Targeting pleckstrin-2/Akt signaling reduces proliferation in myeloproliferative neoplasm models
Article Snippet: The total protein concentration was measured with a BCA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Thermo Scientific). .. For Western blotting, the following antibodies were used: anti-HSC70 (catalog sc-7298) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.); anti-Pten (catalog 9559), anti-total AKT (catalog 4691), anti-phospho AKT (catalog 4060), anti-total S6 (catalog 2217), anti-phospho S6 (catalog 4858), anti-phospho GSK3b(catalog 5558), anti-mTOR (catalog 2972), anti-GFP (catalog 2956), anti-GST (catalog 2622), anti-Flag (catalog 8146), and anti-HA (catalog 3724) (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-Plek2 (catalog 11685-1-AP) and anti-PDK2 (catalog 15647-1-AP) (Proteintech); anti-Hsp72 (catalog PA5-34772) (Invitrogen); and HRP linked anti-GST antibody (catalog MA4-004-HRP) (Thermo Fisher Scientific). .. The Western blot results were further analyzed using Image Lab software (Bio-Rad).

other:

Article Title: Mitochondria-targeting iridium(III) complex enhances anticancer activity via PDK inhibition and energy metabolism disruption.
Article Snippet: Energy metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer cells and holds great promise for the development of metabolic modulators.. However, energy metabolic adaptation that facilitates metabolic phenotype from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, impairs treatment efficacy.. Here, complex IrDCA was developed via the conjugation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) to an iridium(III) scaffold, to achieve concurrent inhibition of mitochondrial glycolysis and OXPHOS.

Phospho-proteomics:

Article Title: Glioma angiogenesis phosphoproteome landscape and biomarker sets identified with phenome-centered multiomics toward 3P medical approaches
Article Snippet: Protein phosphorylation is an important molecular event in tumor angiogenesis that is a canonical hallmark in glioma.. We hypothesize that the phosphoproteome and phosphorylation-mediated signaling networks are significantly different in glioma neovascular tissues compared to controls, which aimed to identify glioma angiogenesis phosphoproteomic landscape, phosphorylation-mediated signaling pathways, kinase-substrate networks, and phosphorylation biomarkers with integration of phosphoprotein data and multiomics data, for deep understanding of molecular mechanisms of glioma angiogenesis, discovery of effective antiangiogenesis therapeutic targets, and establishment of angiogenesis-related phosphorylation biomarker signature for patient stratification, early-stage diagnosis, and effective prognostic assessment, in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM, 3PM) approaches.. This study used laser capture microdissection to isolate neovascular tissues from gliomas, followed by quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis, which identified 195 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) with 635 phosphosites and 58 hub DPPs.



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Influence of Que on the glycolysis and energy metabolism-related protein expression level by western blotting and RT-qPCR in SHI-1 cells (mean ± SD, n = 3) . (A) Que down-regulated the expression of c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and <t>PDK2</t> proteins in SHI-1 cells. (B) The expression of AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR protein in SHI-1 cells was significantly reduced after the treatment of Que. (C) Que decreased mRNA expression of c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and PDK2 in SHI-1 cells (mean ± SD, n=3). * P < 0.5, ** P < 0.01 vs untreated control group.
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A , PDH enzyme activity was measured across groups in isolated cardiac mitochondria from fed and fasted, control and cKO hearts (n=7–9). B , Pyruvate and malate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption in the ADP‐dependent state (state 3; n=7–9). C and D , Relative abundance of total PDH ( C ) and p‐PDH (serine 293; D ) were measured by western blot in the mitochondrial fraction of hearts (n=7–9). E , The ratio of p‐PDH (serine 293) to total PDH was taken. F , Representative western blots are shown for phosphorylated (serine 293) and total PDH. G , PDK4 abundance was measured by western blot in whole‐heart homogenate (n=7–9). H and I , PDK1 ( H ) and <t>PDK2</t> ( I ) abundances were measured by western blot in whole heart homogenate (n=5–6). J , Palmitoylcarnitine and malate‐dependent respiration was measured in state 3 (n=7–9). K , The ratio of PC/Pyr‐dependent State 3 respiration was calculated using measures from ( B ) and ( J ) (n=7–9). A statistical outlier in PC and malate‐dependent respiration was detected in the fed control group via a robust outlier detection test with Q=1% and excluded in panels ( J ) and ( K ). L , CPT1 activity was measured in isolated mitochondria (n=5). Statistics were performed as 2‐way ANOVA. Individual comparisons were also performed between the fed and fasted states within genotype groups by unpaired Student t test. Data are shown as mean±SD. Not significant (ns) indicates P >0.05. * P ≤0.05, ** P ≤0.01, *** P ≤0.001. cKO indicates PFKFB2 knockout; CON, control; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; PC, palmitoyl carnitine; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFKFB2, phosphofructokinase‐2/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2; p‐PDH, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pyr, pyruvate; and Ser, serine.
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A , PDH enzyme activity was measured across groups in isolated cardiac mitochondria from fed and fasted, control and cKO hearts (n=7–9). B , Pyruvate and malate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption in the ADP‐dependent state (state 3; n=7–9). C and D , Relative abundance of total PDH ( C ) and p‐PDH (serine 293; D ) were measured by western blot in the mitochondrial fraction of hearts (n=7–9). E , The ratio of p‐PDH (serine 293) to total PDH was taken. F , Representative western blots are shown for phosphorylated (serine 293) and total PDH. G , PDK4 abundance was measured by western blot in whole‐heart homogenate (n=7–9). H and I , PDK1 ( H ) and <t>PDK2</t> ( I ) abundances were measured by western blot in whole heart homogenate (n=5–6). J , Palmitoylcarnitine and malate‐dependent respiration was measured in state 3 (n=7–9). K , The ratio of PC/Pyr‐dependent State 3 respiration was calculated using measures from ( B ) and ( J ) (n=7–9). A statistical outlier in PC and malate‐dependent respiration was detected in the fed control group via a robust outlier detection test with Q=1% and excluded in panels ( J ) and ( K ). L , CPT1 activity was measured in isolated mitochondria (n=5). Statistics were performed as 2‐way ANOVA. Individual comparisons were also performed between the fed and fasted states within genotype groups by unpaired Student t test. Data are shown as mean±SD. Not significant (ns) indicates P >0.05. * P ≤0.05, ** P ≤0.01, *** P ≤0.001. cKO indicates PFKFB2 knockout; CON, control; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; PC, palmitoyl carnitine; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFKFB2, phosphofructokinase‐2/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2; p‐PDH, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pyr, pyruvate; and Ser, serine.
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A , PDH enzyme activity was measured across groups in isolated cardiac mitochondria from fed and fasted, control and cKO hearts (n=7–9). B , Pyruvate and malate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption in the ADP‐dependent state (state 3; n=7–9). C and D , Relative abundance of total PDH ( C ) and p‐PDH (serine 293; D ) were measured by western blot in the mitochondrial fraction of hearts (n=7–9). E , The ratio of p‐PDH (serine 293) to total PDH was taken. F , Representative western blots are shown for phosphorylated (serine 293) and total PDH. G , PDK4 abundance was measured by western blot in whole‐heart homogenate (n=7–9). H and I , PDK1 ( H ) and <t>PDK2</t> ( I ) abundances were measured by western blot in whole heart homogenate (n=5–6). J , Palmitoylcarnitine and malate‐dependent respiration was measured in state 3 (n=7–9). K , The ratio of PC/Pyr‐dependent State 3 respiration was calculated using measures from ( B ) and ( J ) (n=7–9). A statistical outlier in PC and malate‐dependent respiration was detected in the fed control group via a robust outlier detection test with Q=1% and excluded in panels ( J ) and ( K ). L , CPT1 activity was measured in isolated mitochondria (n=5). Statistics were performed as 2‐way ANOVA. Individual comparisons were also performed between the fed and fasted states within genotype groups by unpaired Student t test. Data are shown as mean±SD. Not significant (ns) indicates P >0.05. * P ≤0.05, ** P ≤0.01, *** P ≤0.001. cKO indicates PFKFB2 knockout; CON, control; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; PC, palmitoyl carnitine; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFKFB2, phosphofructokinase‐2/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2; p‐PDH, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pyr, pyruvate; and Ser, serine.
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A , PDH enzyme activity was measured across groups in isolated cardiac mitochondria from fed and fasted, control and cKO hearts (n=7–9). B , Pyruvate and malate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption in the ADP‐dependent state (state 3; n=7–9). C and D , Relative abundance of total PDH ( C ) and p‐PDH (serine 293; D ) were measured by western blot in the mitochondrial fraction of hearts (n=7–9). E , The ratio of p‐PDH (serine 293) to total PDH was taken. F , Representative western blots are shown for phosphorylated (serine 293) and total PDH. G , PDK4 abundance was measured by western blot in whole‐heart homogenate (n=7–9). H and I , PDK1 ( H ) and <t>PDK2</t> ( I ) abundances were measured by western blot in whole heart homogenate (n=5–6). J , Palmitoylcarnitine and malate‐dependent respiration was measured in state 3 (n=7–9). K , The ratio of PC/Pyr‐dependent State 3 respiration was calculated using measures from ( B ) and ( J ) (n=7–9). A statistical outlier in PC and malate‐dependent respiration was detected in the fed control group via a robust outlier detection test with Q=1% and excluded in panels ( J ) and ( K ). L , CPT1 activity was measured in isolated mitochondria (n=5). Statistics were performed as 2‐way ANOVA. Individual comparisons were also performed between the fed and fasted states within genotype groups by unpaired Student t test. Data are shown as mean±SD. Not significant (ns) indicates P >0.05. * P ≤0.05, ** P ≤0.01, *** P ≤0.001. cKO indicates PFKFB2 knockout; CON, control; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; PC, palmitoyl carnitine; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFKFB2, phosphofructokinase‐2/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2; p‐PDH, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pyr, pyruvate; and Ser, serine.
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Image Search Results


Influence of Que on the glycolysis and energy metabolism-related protein expression level by western blotting and RT-qPCR in SHI-1 cells (mean ± SD, n = 3) . (A) Que down-regulated the expression of c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and PDK2 proteins in SHI-1 cells. (B) The expression of AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR protein in SHI-1 cells was significantly reduced after the treatment of Que. (C) Que decreased mRNA expression of c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and PDK2 in SHI-1 cells (mean ± SD, n=3). * P < 0.5, ** P < 0.01 vs untreated control group.

Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Article Title: Targeting aerobic glycolysis by quercetin inhibits acute monocytic leukemia SHI-1 cells

doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000004180

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of Que on the glycolysis and energy metabolism-related protein expression level by western blotting and RT-qPCR in SHI-1 cells (mean ± SD, n = 3) . (A) Que down-regulated the expression of c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and PDK2 proteins in SHI-1 cells. (B) The expression of AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR protein in SHI-1 cells was significantly reduced after the treatment of Que. (C) Que decreased mRNA expression of c-Myc, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and PDK2 in SHI-1 cells (mean ± SD, n=3). * P < 0.5, ** P < 0.01 vs untreated control group.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies, including c-Myc (1:1000), GLUT1 (1:2000), HK2 (1:1000), PKM2 (1:2000), LDHA (Hangzhou HuaAn Biotechnology Co., Ltd; 1:800 M1007-7), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) (Hangzhou Jingjie Biotechnology Co., LTD; 1:1000; PTM-6321), AMPK (Hangzhou HuaAn Biotechnology Co.,Ltd; 1:1000; HA600078), mTOR (Hangzhou Jingjie Biotechnology Co., LTD; 1:1000; PTM-6594), p-mTOR (Hangzhou HuaAn Biotechnology Co.,Ltd; 1:2000; HA600094), and β-actin (Proteintech Group, Inc; 1:10 000; 66009-1-lg) overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

A , PDH enzyme activity was measured across groups in isolated cardiac mitochondria from fed and fasted, control and cKO hearts (n=7–9). B , Pyruvate and malate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption in the ADP‐dependent state (state 3; n=7–9). C and D , Relative abundance of total PDH ( C ) and p‐PDH (serine 293; D ) were measured by western blot in the mitochondrial fraction of hearts (n=7–9). E , The ratio of p‐PDH (serine 293) to total PDH was taken. F , Representative western blots are shown for phosphorylated (serine 293) and total PDH. G , PDK4 abundance was measured by western blot in whole‐heart homogenate (n=7–9). H and I , PDK1 ( H ) and PDK2 ( I ) abundances were measured by western blot in whole heart homogenate (n=5–6). J , Palmitoylcarnitine and malate‐dependent respiration was measured in state 3 (n=7–9). K , The ratio of PC/Pyr‐dependent State 3 respiration was calculated using measures from ( B ) and ( J ) (n=7–9). A statistical outlier in PC and malate‐dependent respiration was detected in the fed control group via a robust outlier detection test with Q=1% and excluded in panels ( J ) and ( K ). L , CPT1 activity was measured in isolated mitochondria (n=5). Statistics were performed as 2‐way ANOVA. Individual comparisons were also performed between the fed and fasted states within genotype groups by unpaired Student t test. Data are shown as mean±SD. Not significant (ns) indicates P >0.05. * P ≤0.05, ** P ≤0.01, *** P ≤0.001. cKO indicates PFKFB2 knockout; CON, control; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; PC, palmitoyl carnitine; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFKFB2, phosphofructokinase‐2/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2; p‐PDH, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pyr, pyruvate; and Ser, serine.

Journal: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

Article Title: PFKFB2 Is Pivotal for Metabolic Flexibility and Differential Glucose Utilization

doi: 10.1161/JAHA.125.043921

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , PDH enzyme activity was measured across groups in isolated cardiac mitochondria from fed and fasted, control and cKO hearts (n=7–9). B , Pyruvate and malate‐dependent mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption in the ADP‐dependent state (state 3; n=7–9). C and D , Relative abundance of total PDH ( C ) and p‐PDH (serine 293; D ) were measured by western blot in the mitochondrial fraction of hearts (n=7–9). E , The ratio of p‐PDH (serine 293) to total PDH was taken. F , Representative western blots are shown for phosphorylated (serine 293) and total PDH. G , PDK4 abundance was measured by western blot in whole‐heart homogenate (n=7–9). H and I , PDK1 ( H ) and PDK2 ( I ) abundances were measured by western blot in whole heart homogenate (n=5–6). J , Palmitoylcarnitine and malate‐dependent respiration was measured in state 3 (n=7–9). K , The ratio of PC/Pyr‐dependent State 3 respiration was calculated using measures from ( B ) and ( J ) (n=7–9). A statistical outlier in PC and malate‐dependent respiration was detected in the fed control group via a robust outlier detection test with Q=1% and excluded in panels ( J ) and ( K ). L , CPT1 activity was measured in isolated mitochondria (n=5). Statistics were performed as 2‐way ANOVA. Individual comparisons were also performed between the fed and fasted states within genotype groups by unpaired Student t test. Data are shown as mean±SD. Not significant (ns) indicates P >0.05. * P ≤0.05, ** P ≤0.01, *** P ≤0.001. cKO indicates PFKFB2 knockout; CON, control; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; PC, palmitoyl carnitine; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFKFB2, phosphofructokinase‐2/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 2; p‐PDH, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pyr, pyruvate; and Ser, serine.

Article Snippet: PDK2 , , Santa Cruz: sc‐100 534 , 1:500 , 1:2000.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Isolation, Control, Western Blot, Knock-Out